Exemplary History: Competition in Roman Historiography

Catalina Balmaceda

doi:10.15848/hh.v12i29.1398

Autores

Catalina Balmaceda Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-6421

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15848/hh.v12i29.1398

Palavras-chave:

Historiografia romana, Historiadores, Historia magistra vitae

Resumo

Uma grande parte do valor percebido da história no mundo antigo estava ligada à sua função educacional. De um modo ou de outro, ela foi considerada como um guia benéfico para a conduta ou como magistra vitae (CÍCERO, De OratoreII, 36). Dar instrução política e aconselhamento, por um lado (POLÍBIO, I, 1, 2), e fornecer exempla, por outro lado, eram os dois grandes objetivos da história. Este artigo argumentará que, ao narrar a história do passado, os historiadores não apenas julgavam ações ou pessoas do passado, e forneciam exemplos morais úteis a seus contemporâneos, mas também estimulavam um tipo de competição entre os tempos passado e presente. Ao registrar bons exemplos a serem imitados e maus a serem evitados, os historiadores romanos promoviam o código de valores dos maiores para seu próprio tempo, fomentavam a ação e, em certa medida, tornaram-se indicadores significativos para a sociedade romana. Esse aspecto competitivo da historiografia romana é ilustrado aqui em três categorias distintas, analisando o trabalho de grandes historiadores romanos: Salústio, Tito Lívio e Tácito.

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