Progress and Decadence in the Philosophical History of Voltaire

Abstract

This article analyses how the historiographical production of Voltaire operates with the concepts of progress and decadence. Its aim is to demonstrate how the French philosopher articulates the two concepts in his comments on various episodes of world history. To Voltaire, progress depends on the formation of elites capable of conducting societies in a rational manner. However, when these elites are corrupted and their leadership becomes oppression, or when they alienate themselves from their peoples, the possibility of decline ensues. This text also examines how Voltaire presents the main characteristics of progress and decadence. Thus, its objective is to contribute to the understanding of the philosophical history of the XVIII century, frequently referred to as the starting point for contemporary historiography.